I. Engine System Faults
1. Black or Blue Smoke: Black smoke indicates incomplete combustion, while blue smoke suggests oil is involved in combustion; both are related to overload.
2. Reduced Power and Slow Acceleration: Prolonged high-load operation of the engine leads to reduced output power.
3. Accelerated Oil Deterioration: High temperatures cause oil oxidation and deterioration, resulting in loss of lubrication and protection, potentially leading to serious faults such as cylinder scoring and bearing seizure.
II. Hydraulic System Abnormalities
1. Hydraulic Oil Temperature Increases by 15–20°C: This indicates decreased oil viscosity, aging seals, and an increased risk of leakage.
2. Slow or Weak Movement: For example, malfunctioning start/stop of the vibratory roller or heavy steering indicates insufficient hydraulic motor output.
3. Pipe Leaks or Bursts: Excessive system pressure can cause leaks or even pipe bursts at joints or hoses, posing a safety hazard.
III. Damage to Vibration Bearings and Transmission Components
1. Abnormal Bearing Noise or Overheating: Overloading shortens the lifespan of vibration bearings by 30%–50%, resulting in a "humming" sound or excessive heat.
2. Loose Eccentric Blocks or Worn Spline Shafts: This leads to unstable amplitude, machine vibration, and affects compaction.
IV. Structural Component Fatigue and Weld Cracks
1. Microscopic Cracks in Steel Wheel Welds: Accumulated metal fatigue, especially at the hub connection and reinforcing rib areas.
2. Frame Deformation or Cracks: Failure of the shock absorption device results in direct transmission of impact force, causing structural damage.
V. Other Typical Faults
1. Water Temperature Persistently Exceeds 95°C: The cooling system is overloaded, potentially triggering automatic shutdown protection.
2. Frequent Instrument Alarms: The ECU reports fault codes such as P0234 (over-boost pressure) and P0087 (under-fuel pressure).
3. Increased braking distance and delayed steering: This affects operational accuracy and construction safety, especially when working on slopes where the risk is even higher.
